Research

Focal points, projects and publications

Focal points

As a scientific co-operation project checkit! is not only an information and advice centre, but is also active in research. The insight into the current market situation, which is made possible by analysing samples provided, is unique and provides the basis for harm reduction interventions that can react quickly to the latest developments and trends. Direct contact with clients and the collection and evaluation of anonymised data (e.g. questionnaires) also enables the early identification of new consumption trends or market changes.

Projects

Publications

ReDUse CONFERENCE

Focal points

Our current focal points in research are

  • Ecstasy: Development of the composition of ecstasy tablets over the past 20 years
  • New and recently consumed psychoactive substances
  • Evaluation of the new services: Inpatient drug checking and drug checking via pharmacies.
  • Ketamine: Enantiomer separation of ketamine (racemate, S-ketamine, R-ketamine)

Projects

Ongoing projects

Interviewstudie „Risikoreduktion beim Substanzkonsum“

Together with MedUni Vienna, we are conducting an interview study with people about their substance use and the accessibility of drug checking services. If you are interested in participating, find more information here: → Interview study

TEDI (Trans-European Drug Information) project

TEDI is a network of European harm-reduction orientated drug checking facilities that share their expertise and analysis data for the purpose of comprehensive monitoring. To this end, a joint database has been developed in which the data is shared and stored and which enables it to be analysed. The TEDI project was funded by the European Commission from 2011 to 2013. Thanks to the cooperation with the EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction), the TEDI network has been building a new database since 2017. The extent to which data is (or can be) shared varies between the participating organisations. www.tedinetwork.org

Publications in connection with the project:


NEWNet (Nightlife Empowerment and Wellbeing)

NEWNet is a European network of organisations and NGOs active in health promotion, prevention and nightlife, nightlife professionals, local authorities, medical/therapeutic professionals and researchers. The NEW Net emerged from the Nightlife Empowerment and Well-being Implementation Project (2011-2013). www.safernightlife.org


East-West co-operation

Since the beginning of 2017, there has been a long-term "East-West" research cooperation between checkit! and the Drug work Z6 in Innsbruck. checkit! and Drug work Z6 offer analysis-based counselling in eastern and western Austria. The aim of the cooperation is to research the use and structures of services based on previous data, to exchange expertise at a national level, to ensure quality, to further develop the services and to increase the comparability of the data.

Publications as part of the co-operation:

Trends & Info 2024: Cocaine

Trends & Info 2023: XTC Punisher

LSD Info 2022: Incorrect dose information for LSD trips: results of a survey

Trends & info 2021: Extender in cocaine; counterfeit XANAX tablets

Trends & info 2020

COVID-19 survey (2020): Results of the survey


Completed projects

EU project: SCANNER
Investigating the development and consequences of the use of new psychoactive substances in the face of a constantly changing (online) drug market.
In the last decade, an increasing number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been identified in Europe, for which there is often little information on consumption, consumption patterns and profiles. In addition, laboratory analysis is often difficult because, for example, reference material or chemical spectra are not available.
As part of this project, the extent to which information on the substance identity of NPS offered online corresponds to the actual and proven substance identity will be analysed. Reference analysis methods will be developed and validated and the substances will be analysed by the participating laboratories in a round robin test. In addition, heroin samples from across the EU will be analysed to determine the extent to which fentanyl has penetrated the European heroin market.
In collaboration with all participating drug checking organisations, a comprehensive review of their practices and analytical methods will be carried out, resulting in a report with recommendations and guidelines for governments or authorities planning to introduce drug checking to improve public health safety in relation to drugs in the EU in the future.

Publications in connection with the project:
Balcaen, M., Ventura, M., Gil, C., Luf, A., Martins, D., Cunha, M., Tögel-Lins, K., Wolf, D., Blanckaert, P., & Deconinck, E. (2023). Challenges in drug surveillance: strengthening the analysis of new psychoactive substances by harmonising drug checking services in proficiency testing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 4628.

EU project: NEWIP - Nightlife Empowerment & Well-being Implementation Project (2011-2013)
You can find more information about this EU project at: www.safernightlife.org

EU project: Democracy, Cities & Drugs I & II (2005-2011)
You can find more information about this EU project at: www.democitydrug.org

EU project: Effects of pill-testing programmes on the consumption behaviour and risk awareness of ecstasy users
checkit!
 took part in a study on the effectiveness of secondary prevention measures together with Drobs Hannover and Jellinek Amsterdam in 2001/2002. The purpose of the study was to empirically test the drug policy approach of harm minimisation and risk reduction for the target group of synthetic drug users. A summary of the results can be found here.

EU Project: Pill-Testing Interventions in the EU
On behalf of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EBBD) checkit! a compilation of all European projects that offer drug checking and information or plan to include these services in their programme. To this end, we compiled a comprehensive questionnaire and sent it to all European organisations known to us. Representatives of these organisations were invited to Vienna to discuss possibilities for closer cooperation. Further information can be found here.

EU project: SecuCities
In autumn 1999 and spring 2000 checkit! participated in the SecuCities-Drugs project. The aim of this EU project - in which ten different European capitals took part - was a transnational exchange of experience: what can those responsible for major events (e.g. raves, clubs, Love Parades), i.e. organisers, security staff, drug information projects, doctors, paramedics, law enforcement and others, do to make these events safer for visitors. As part of this project, a two-day meeting was also held in Vienna with representatives from the areas listed above.

Publications

Drug Checking Annual Reports

Drug Checking Annual Report 2023 / English version - Annual Report 2023

Drug Checking Annual Report 2022

Drug Checking Annual Report 2021

Drug Checking Annual Report 2020

Drug Checking Annual Report 2019

Book chapter

Luf, A., Karden, A., Schubert-Kociper, K. & Schmid, R. (2019). Integrated Drug Checking - Methodological Aspects and Implementation of Analysis-Based Interventions. In K. Tögel-Lins, B. Werse & H. Stöver (Eds.), Checking Drug Checking. Frankfurt am Main: Fachholschulverlag Frankfurt a.M. Der Verlag für angewandte Wissenschaft

Grabenhofer, S., Kociper, K., Nagy, C., Luf, A., & Schmid, R. (2018). Drug checking and on-site education in low-threshold prevention work. In Handbook on psychoactive substances (pp. 327-338). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Kudlacek, O. & Hofmaier, T. & Luf, A. & Stockner, T. & Nagy, C. & Holy, M. & Freissmuth, M. & Schmid, R. & Sitte, H. (2017). Cocaine Adulterants and Effects on Monoamine Transporters. In V. Preedy (Ed), The Neuroscience of Cocaine  (pp.59-68). Academic Press.

Peer-reviewed publications

Balcaen, M., Ventura, M., Gil, C., Luf, A., Martins, D., Cunha, M., Tögel-Lins, K., Wolf, D., Blanckaert, P., & Deconinck, E. (2023). Challenges in drug surveillance: strengthening the analysis of new psychoactive substances by harmonising drug checking services in proficiency testing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 4628.

Vrolijk, R. Q., Measham, F., Quesada, A., Luf, A., Schori, D., Radley, S.,Acreman, D., Smith, J., Verdenik, M., Martins, D., Cunha, M., Paulos, C.J., Fineschi, P., Gerace, E., Karden, A., Koning, R., Smigt-Rigter, L., & Ventura, M. (2022). Size matters: comparing the MDMA content a nd weight of ecstasy tablets submitted to European drug checking services in 2012-2021. Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, 23(3), 207-219.

Pulver, B., Riedel, J., Westphal, F., Luhn, S., Schönberger, T., Schäper, J., Auwärter, V., Luf, A. & Pütz, M. (2022). A new synthetic cathinone: 3, 4-EtPV or 3, 4-Pr-PipVP? An unsuccessful attempt to circumvent the German legislation on new psychoactive substances. Drug Testing and Analysis, 15(1), 84-96.

Oomen, P. E., Schori, D., Tögel-Lins, K., Acreman, D., Chenorhokian, S., Luf, A., Karden, A., Paulos, C., Fornero, E., Gerace, E., Koning, R.P.J., Galindo, L., Smit-Rigter, L. A., Measham, F. & Ventura, M. (2022). Cannabis adulterated with the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-4en-PINACA and the role of European drug checking services. International Journal of Drug Policy, 100, 103493.

Strizek, J., Karden, A., & Matias, J. (2021). Relevance of cryptomarkets, characteristics of purchasers and possibilities for survey research: experience from the European Web Survey on Drugs. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 21(2), 102-111

Wadowski, P. P., Giurgea, G. A., Schlager, O., Luf, A., Gremmel, T., Hobl, E. L., ... & Koppensteiner, R. (2019). Acute Limb Ischemia after Intake of the Phenylethylamine Derivative NBOMe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5071.

Brunt, T. M., Nagy, C., Bücheli, A., Martins, D., Ugarte, M., Beduwe, C., & Ventura Vilamala, M. (2017). Drug testing in Europe: monitoring results of the Trans European Drug Information (TEDI) project. Drug testing and analysis, 9(2), 188-198.

Kudlacek, O., Hofmaier, T., Luf, A., Mayer, F. P., Stockner, T., Nagy, C., Holy, M., Freissmutz, M., Schmid, R. & Sitte, H. H. (2017). Cocaine adulteration. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 83, 75-81.

Mayer, F. P., Luf, A., Nagy, C., Holy, M., Schmid, R., Freissmuth, M., & Sitte, H. H. (2016). Application of a combined approach to identify new psychoactive street drugs and decipher their mechanisms at monoamine transporters. In Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) (pp. 333-350). Springer, Cham.

Ostermann, K. M., Luf, A., Lutsch, N. M., Dieplinger, R., Mechtler, T. P., Metz, T. F., Schmid, R. & Kasper, D. C. (2014). MALDI Orbitrap mass spectrometry for fast and simplified analysis of novel street and designer drugs. Clinica Chimica Acta, 433, 254-258.

Hofmaier, T., Luf, A., Seddik, A., Stockner, T., Holy, M., Freissmuth, M., Ecker, G. F., Schmid, R., Sitte, H. & Kudlacek, O. (2014). Aminorex, a metabolite of the cocaine adulterant levamisole, exerts amphetamine like actions at monoamine transporters. Neurochemistry international, 73, 32-41.

Rosenauer, R., Luf, A., Holy, M., Freissmuth, M., Schmid, R., & Sitte, H. H. (2013). A combined approach using transporter-flux assays and mass spectrometry to examine psychostimulant street drugs of unknown content. ACS chemical neuroscience, 4(1), 182-190.

Eggerth, A., Keller-Ressel, M., Lachout, S., & Schmid, R. (2005). Types of use among recreational drug users in Austria. Addiction, 51(2), 88-96.

Further publications

Karden, A., & Strizek, J. (2022). The potential for using web surveys to investigate drug sales through cryptomarkets on the darknet. Monitoring drug use in the digital age: Studies in web surveys, EMCDDA Insights. www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/insights/web-surveys/potential-web-surveys-investigate-drug-sales-cryptomarkets-darknet_en.

Kriener, H., Billeth, R., Gollner, C., Lachout, S., Neubauer, P., & Schmid, R. (2001). An inventory of on-site pill-testing interventions in the EU. Vienna: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.